TRANSPORTATION

Railways: total:  8,607 km

standard gauge:  8,607 km 1.435-m gauge (2,131 km electrified) (2001) 
Highways: total:  382,059 km

paved:  106,976 km (including 1,726 km of expressways)

unpaved:  275,083 km (1999 est.) 
Waterways: 1,200 km (approximately) 
Pipelines: crude oil 1,738 km; petroleum products 2,321 km; natural gas 708 km 
Ports and harbors: Gemlik, Hopa, Iskenderun, Istanbul, Izmir, Kocaeli (Izmit), Icel (Mersin), Samsun, Trabzon 
Merchant marine: total:  548 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,617,302 GRT/9,088,451 DWT

ships by type:  bulk 140, cargo 242, chemical tanker 41, combination bulk 5, combination ore/oil 6, container 21, liquefied gas 6, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 43, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 25, short-sea passenger 10, specialized tanker 5 (2000 est.) 
Airports: 121 (2000 est.) 
Airports - with paved runways: total:  86

over 3,047 m:  16

2,438 to 3,047 m:  29

1,524 to 2,437 m:  19

914 to 1,523 m:  16

under 914 m:  6 (2000 est.) 
Airports - with unpaved runways: total:  35

1,524 to 2,437 m:  1

914 to 1,523 m:  8

under 914 m:  26 (2000 est.) 
Heliports: 2 (2000 est.)